Causes Of Pneumonia

Pneumonia has many possible causes but the most common bacteria and viruses found in the environment. In general, the body is to keep these germs invade the lung. Sometimes, however, a solid element may be in violation of our defenses, regardless of your overall health.

The germs that cause pneumonia in healthy people are generally not the same as those that cause pneumonia in hospitals and health centers. Similarly, the germs that can infect the lungs if inhaled foreign material (by inhalation or aspiration pneumonia) differ from those that cause the most common types of pneumonia. The same is true of the germs that cause pneumonia in people with weak immune response.

Community-acquired pneumonia

When you get pneumonia from contact with germs you encounter during your normal routine, it is called community-acquired pneumonia. These common bacteria generally cause a mild form of pneumonia that doctors can easily handle. The microbes responsible for community-acquired pneumonia the most are:

Bacteria. The bacterium that causes most cases of community-acquired pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other potential agents include Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is not unusual to have more than one type of pneumonia caused by bacteria at a time. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic-resistant bacteria, once found only in health, are now causing skin infections and pneumonia in the Community, too.

The bacteria-like organisms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small body, which usually produces less severe symptoms of pneumonia others. Walking pneumonia, which is used to describe pneumonia that is not severe enough to require rest, can be due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Legionella and Chlamydia pneumonia are two of the other bacteria that cause pneumonia, which are not bacteria or viruses.

Virus. Some of the same types of viruses that cause colds and flu can cause pneumonia. Although most cases are viral pneumonia are mild and resolve with time to rest and fluids, viral pneumonia caused by influenza viruses can become very serious. Viral pneumonia may set a first attack of environmental bacteria that cause infection in the second.

Fungi and parasites. Other less common causes of community-acquired pneumonia include fungi, parasites, and the germ that causes tuberculosis. Most of the parasitic pneumonia occur in people who live or have traveled to developing countries.

Health care for pneumonia

Severe, difficult to treat bacterial pneumonia is a major problem in health care facilities - not just hospitals and nursing homes, as well as kidney dialysis centers and outpatient infusion centers, where people regularly receiving cancer chemotherapy and other drugs intravenously.

Health care for pneumonia is sometimes caused by strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which also appear in the community. But the list of organisms causing nosocomial pneumonia does not stop there. In hospitals, the bacteria can quickly become resistant to common antibiotics, so the drug-resistant germs are much more common. Resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA treatment to be difficult. People in the machinery of respiration (ventilation), often used in intensive care units in hospitals are particularly vulnerable.

With so many possible culprits, and a high probability of resistant strains, the problem of hospital is to identify the causative organism and determine which antibiotics against him.

Inhalation or aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia is inhaled foreign bodies in their lungs. This can happen if you vomit while asleep or unconscious and breathing in some of the stomach contents. Difficulty swallowing, which occurs with diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease and stroke, often leading to aspiration pneumonia.

Opportunistic viral pneumonia, bacterial and fungal

This type of pneumonia affects people with weakened immune systems. Organizations that are not harmful to healthy people can be dangerous for people who have had organ transplants and people with AIDS and other diseases that weaken the immune system. Drugs that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids or chemotherapy, can also put you at risk for opportunistic pneumonia.

Pneumonia Overview

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. Bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites can cause pneumonia. Pneumonia is a particular concern if you are over 65 or have a chronic disease or weak immune system. It can also occur in people younger and healthier.

Pneumonia can range in severity from mild to life threatening. Pneumonia is often a complication of another condition, such as influenza. Antibiotics can treat the most common forms of bacterial pneumonia, but antibiotic-resistant strains is a growing problem. The best approach is to try to prevent infection.

Prevention Of Periodontitis

The best way to prevent periodontal disease is to follow a good oral hygiene program, starting early and consistent practice throughout life. This means you brush your teeth at least twice a day - morning and before going to bed - and flossing at least once a day. Better yet, brush after every meal or snack or as your dentist recommends. Thorough cleaning with a toothbrush and floss should take three to five minutes. Flossing before you brush allows you to clean up loose particles of food and bacteria.

Also see your dentist or your hygienist regularly for cleaning, usually every six to 12 months. If you have risk factors that increase your risk of developing periodontal disease, you may need professional teeth cleaning more often.

Treatment Of Periodontitis

There are several ways to treat periodontitis, depending on its severity. The goal of treatment of periodontal pockets is completely clean of bacteria and prevent further damage. The treatment can be performed periodontist, a dentist or dental hygienist. Treatment is most effective when someone takes the daily routine of good oral hygiene.

Non-surgical treatments

If your periodontal disease is advanced, treatment may include less invasive procedures, including:

Scale. Scaling removes tartar and bacteria on the surfaces of your teeth and under the gums. Can be performed using instruments or an ultrasonic device.

Root planing. Root planing smooths the root surfaces, discouraging further accumulation of tartar.

Antibiotics. Antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis is still open to debate. Your periodontist or dentist may recommend the use of topical or oral antibiotics to help control bacterial infection. Topical antibiotics are usually the treatment of choice. They may contain an antibiotic mouthwashes or gels with the addition of discussions and antibiotics in the space between the teeth and gums or pocket after deep cleaning. However, oral antibiotics may be necessary to completely remove the infection-causing bacteria.

Surgical treatments

If you have advanced periodontitis, gums does not respond to nonsurgical treatment and good oral hygiene. In this case, your periodontal treatment requires surgery tooth, such as:

Flap surgery (pocket reduction surgery). In this procedure, the periodontist will make small incisions in the gums, so that the gum tissue can be traced back, exposing the roots to improve scaling and polishing. Because periodontitis often causes bone loss, the underlying bone can be recontoured before the gum tissue is sewn back into place. The procedure usually takes 1-3 hours and performed under local anesthesia.

Soft tissue grafts. When you lose the gum periodontal disease, your gums back, which makes your teeth longer than normal. You can have the damaged tissue is replaced. This is usually done by removing a small amount of tissue from the roof of your mouth (palate) or another donor source and attach it to this site. This procedure can help reduce gum recession others, cover exposed roots and give your teeth a more cosmetically appealing.

Bone graft. This procedure is performed when the periodontal disease has destroyed the bone surrounding the tooth root. Graft can be made up of tiny fragments of bone marrow or your own can be synthetic or donated. Bone graft to prevent the loss of teeth and hold the tooth in its place. It also serves as a platform for the regrowth of natural bone. Bone grafting can be performed during a technique called guided tissue regeneration.

Guided tissue regeneration. This allows the regeneration of bone, which was destroyed by bacteria. In one method, the dentist places a special piece of biocompatible fabric between existing bone and tooth. The material prevents unwanted tissue from entering the area of ​​healing, the bone instead of pushing.

Enamel matrix derivative application. Another technique is to apply a special gel to the tooth root. This gel contains the same proteins found in developing enamel of the teeth and stimulates the growth of bones and tissues.

Symptoms Of Periodontitis

Signs and symptoms of periodontal disease may include:

Swollen gums

Bright red or purple gums

Gums that feel soft to the touch

Gums that pull away from teeth (recession), when the teeth look longer than usual

Development of new spaces between teeth

Pus between teeth and gums

Halitosis

Bad taste in mouth

Loose teeth

A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite

There are different types or classes of periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common class, primarily affects adults, but children can be affected too. Aggressive periodontitis usually begins in childhood and adulthood and affects only 1 to 2 percent of the population.

When you see a dentist

Healthy gums are firm and pale pink. If your gums are swollen, dark red and bleed easily, or show other signs or symptoms of periodontal disease, see your dentist as soon as possible. The faster you get treatment, the better chance you have of reversing the damage to periodontal disease and to prevent other serious health problems.

Causes Of Periodontitis

It is thought that periodontitis plaque begins. This is a sticky film consists primarily of bacteria. Plaque forms the teeth when starches and sugars in food interact with bacteria normally in the mouth. Brush your teeth to remove plaque. But plaque re-forms quickly, usually within 24 hours.

The plate is left on your teeth longer than two or three days can harden under your gums tartar (calculus). Tartar gives plaque more difficult to remove and serves as a reservoir for bacteria. In addition, you generally can not get rid of tartar by brushing and flossing - you need a professional teeth cleaning to remove it.

The longer plaque and tartar stay on teeth, the more damage they can do. At first, simply can irritate and inflame the gums from the gum around the base of your teeth. This is called gingivitis, the mildest form of periodontal disease. However, persistent inflammation eventually causes pockets between the gums and teeth that fill with plaque, tartar and bacteria. Over time, these pockets become deeper and more bacteria accumulate, the time goes into your gum. These infections cause a profound loss of tissue and bone. If the bone is destroyed too, could lose one or more teeth.

Periodontitis Overview

Periodontitis

Periodontitis (pair-o-do-TI-tis) is a serious gum infection that destroys the soft tissue and bone that support the teeth. Periodontitis can cause tooth loss or worse, an increased risk of heart attack or stroke and other serious health problems.

Periodontitis is a common but largely preventable. Periodontitis is usually the result of poor oral hygiene. Daily brushing and flossing and regular professional cleanings can reduce your chances of developing periodontitis.